Monday, September 20, 2010

價值觀衝突:基督教與文化

我們每個人恐怕都是先受家庭和文化的影響,後受基督信仰的影響。

按照Richard Niebuhr教授的歸納,基督徒對於信仰與文化應該有何關係的看法分爲五種。1. 基督教反對文化:基督必興旺,其他信仰必敗落;2. 基督教屬於文化:人文歷史就是聖靈對人類作工的過程;3. 基督教超越文化:律法、理性、福音、教會都是為靈魂歸主預備;4. 基督教是似非而是的文化:信與不信、應許與應驗、不同去從;5. 基督教更新改革文化 :神的大能,人的回應。

也許這幾種看法不必完全互相排斥。不過對於中國人來説,既有的文化塑造我們,是按照與神的心意相去甚遠的模式。我們如果不感覺有哪些價值觀是不合神的心意,就不會留心去變更。比如,我們知道貪財違反聖經的教導,所以貪財的欲望出現的時候,hopefully總會有些思想鬥爭。可是,用表現來贏得別人接納這個根深蒂固的文化觀念,在聖經裏卻好像沒有直截了當的語句來反對。我好長時間都以爲,用好的表現來討神喜悅是理所當然的,因此我一直沒有告訴自己說,父神在我還未信主時就喜愛我、讓祂兒子為我死了,這不是我用好的表現贏取的,要從注重表現的驕傲、失望、或whatever中悔改!此外,還有其它一些我們文化中的價值觀,是與基督信仰有衝突的,請你提起注意:

隨大流,攀比其他人的生活方式,尋求被人接納和羡慕。中國人尤其重視“合群”,需要被周圍的人接納,面上有光,甚至不惜一切代價。別人的孩子都會彈琴、都上好大學,我的孩子也可不差人一截,等等。基督信仰倒未必命令你處處標新立異,可“不要效法這個世界”是明文提倡的。合和本聖經翻譯成“不要效法”(be conformed),聼來好像我們是主動作決定去模仿什麽。由於我們感到自己很少主動作決定,所以這句話好像不關我事。但實際上,這個字是被動受引導、受模造的意思,和你的主觀意願沒有直接的關係。By default if we don’t do anything about it, we are in。所以我們需要注意自己諸多焦慮的來源,已經塑造了自己的是什麽觀念?哪些“面子”和“接納”方面的顧慮影響我被父、子、聖靈新的家庭重新模造?

另一個從文化來的壓力是你必須注重在別人面前的形象。形象和面子有些不同,不過有些關係。形象主要是外部可見的東西,身材容貌、穿著打扮、家境名聲、勢力成就等等。人們為此當牛做馬、跌破頭皮、苦不堪言,僅僅因爲這些東西能帶來一些面子。至於別人和自己的品格、氣質,裏面那個基督為之犧牲,要帶囘父、子、聖靈神聖之家的那個人,我們卻視而不見,忽略又忽略,心裏感到那個人實在沒有什麽了不起。我們應該悔改!

在消費第一、物欲橫流的世界,基督徒是否能夠免於受災?由於前面提到的攀比和面子心理,物質主義的壓力實難幸免。別人買房子我不買?日子好像不能過下去。要麽就是暗暗嫉妒,平安滿足無影無蹤,内心實在覺得屬靈的福份算不得真福份,世間的享樂才是真享樂。我們為了東西/事情來駡人,因爲仁愛、體諒、感恩這些精神的食糧在我們的價值觀系統裏仍然不佔優先位置。什麽時候我們能把“人”放在“物”之上?

在西方文化裏,受基督信仰的影響久了,人們有一種固有的個人權利思想,自由、財富、舒適、平等都成了理所當然的,感恩減少,不想吃苦,靠設立規矩來維護各種利益,等等。這是攔阻人們跟隨耶穌心意而行的另外障礙,凡來到北美歐洲的人都能感受到文化的這方面負面壓力。

我們如果能夠認識和努力對付文化對自己的負面影響,就是生命成長。

3 comments:

  1. Characteristics of cultural pressure to Asian Christians:

    1. Chinese value performance in a society, and in any groups. Your personal success in contributions is respected, and earn you status.

    2. Conformation to a group is important. Here is where personal conversion ran battle with culture. Change of behaviors to be different is not doable for many. Young people should feel the same.

    3. Face/reputation is closely related to the first 2, it is much more important than personal comfort.

    4. Self-image has to do with the above 3, but more outward visible and material things. Here are all the pretense come in.

    5. Accumulating wealth is important, people risk their life, sacrifice their family and time. The motive seems seeking security, but that doesn't explain the risk taking. It also seems to pursue a luxury life style, but for a lot of people keep money in bank is the goal, not spending it. People might think of leaving wealth to children, but that doesn't explain the way they treated their children, -- stern and stingy (this is typically older generation). This one puzzles me, but definitely a big value. People went crazy for this for no good reason. May be just a habit.

    ReplyDelete
  2. From: David Eckman
    Sent: Wed, January 5, 2011 9:37:19 AM
    Subject: RE: 價值觀衝突:基督教與文化

    The tragedy that I see is that these five things are so instinctive that they actually change what people are hearing:: they do not hear nor do they believe the Gospel. Unless these realities are attacked with great force, people will still be caught in their cultural backlground. This is very true of Caucasians as well as Chinese-Americans.

    ReplyDelete
  3. In our Bible teaching, if we don't address these issues, we are not converting people, we are not proclaiming gospel.

    ReplyDelete